The ideology of phenomenology starts from experience. An experienced claim is a fact that is neither refuted nor confirmed by experience. But can the knowledge gained from this experience become academic knowledge?
Why does phenomenology become a science?
Auf die ganze Darstellung der europäischen neuzeitlichen Philosophie (mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der englischen Philosophie) – immer im Hinblick auf das Aufweisen des Grundes für das Versagen der neuzeitlichen Wissenschaft – sei hier nicht im einzelnen eingegangen, geht es ja doch bloß darum, die Fragedimension Husserls zu umreißen. Der Husserl bei diesen Überlegungen ständig leitende geheime Vorblick ist, daß das mit der griechischen Philosophie der europäischen Menschheit aufgebrochenene Telos, ,,ein Menschentum aus philosophischer Verunft sein zu wollen und nur als solches sein zu können”, verloien gegangen ist, und folglich der Sinn der Philosophie als „die historische Bewegung der Offenbarung der universalen, dem Menschentum als solchen eingeborenen Vernunft”.
HUSS. 6. xix.
Hegel’s philosophy understood humans as beings in history and context, that is, in totality, and with the emergence of science, knowledge came to mean objective reality. Objectivism in science obscures the pre-given meaning of the life world. This is because, for Husserl, the meaning of existence was subjective. Therefore, the ideology of phenomenology emerged in opposition to both psychologicalism and physicalism. Accordingly, Husserl referred to the loss of philosophy’s role in helping humans find their own identity as “collapsed telos(aufgebrochenene Telos).”
Constitution, Life-world
What are subjectivity and meaning? Ideology, such as I, here, and now, was not seen by Husserl as changing due to formal changes in place, time, or people.(D. Zahavi, 2003, 10) Being ideological means being substantial(reell). Substantial beings appear through the ‘constitution’ of subjectivity-consciousness, and the reality of ideology is obtained from the ‘life-world.’
So what is the ideology of phenomenology?
The ideology of phenomenology is not clearly stated by Husserl. It may be the purpose of “phenomenology,” it may mean a return to the subjective, it may indicate phenomenological methodologies, and it is the ideology of phenomenology that collectively refers to the essence of subjective experience and consciousness. This is because the idea of phenomenology gains continuity simply by constructing consciousness, and the idea gains reality in the life-world.
[Reference]
- Husserl, E., Die Krisis der Europäischen Wissenschaften und die Transzendentale Phänomenologie: Ein Einleitung in die Phänomenologische Philosophie, (1976), HAAG, (HUSS, VI)
- Zahavi, D., Husserl’s phenomenology, Stanford University press, California, 2003.